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Create / delete
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Create string
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$a="";
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$a="abcdef";
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abcdef
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Initialise
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Fixed contents
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$a = "";
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$a = "abcdef";
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abcdef
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Repeated value 'x' x 10
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$c='x';
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$a=$c x 10;
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xxxxxxxxxx
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Count
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Length of string
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$a="abc";
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$i=length $a;
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3
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Number of 'X' chars in string
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$a="abcXdefXX";
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$n=($a =~ tr/X//);
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3
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Number of 'X', 'Y' and 'Z' chars in string
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$a="abcXdefYZ";
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$n=($a =~ tr/XYZ//);
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3
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Number of 'abc' substrings in string
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$a="abcabcdefabc";
$n=0;
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while ($a =~ /abc/g) { $n++ }
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3
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Retrieve by index
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Retrieve 1st char
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$a="abc";
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$c=substr $a,0,1;
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a
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Retrieve last char
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$a="abc";
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$c=substr $a, (length $a)-1;
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c
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Retrieve char 'n'
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$a="abcdef";
$n=2;
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$c=substr $a, $n, 1;
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c
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Retrieve out-of-bounds char
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$a="abc";
$n=4;
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$c=substr $a, $n; if ( $c eq "" ) { $c="out of range" }
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out of range
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Slice
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Slice from index 'm' to 'n' (inclusive)
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$a="abcdefghi";
$m=3;
$n=6;
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$s=substr $a,$m,($m-$n+1);
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defg
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Slice from index 'n' (inclusive)
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$a="abcdefghi";
$n=3;
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$s=substr $a,$n;
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defghi
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Slice up to index 'n' (inclusive)
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$a="abcdefghi";
$n=3;
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$s=substr $a,0,$n+1;
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abcd
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Compare
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Test for equality (case sensitive)
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$a="abcdef";
$b="abc";
$t="0";
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if ($a eq $b) { $t="1"; }
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0
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Test for equality (case insensitive)
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$a="abcdef";
$b="ABCdef";
$t="0";
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if ($a =~ /^$b$/i ) { $t="1"; }
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1
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Test for prefix
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$a="abcdef";
$b="abc";
$t="0";
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if ($a=~/^$b.*/) { $t="1"; }
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1
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Test for suffix
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$a="abcdef";
$b="def";
$t="0";
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if ($a=~/.*$b$/) { $t="1"; }
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1
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Search
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Test char 'is in' string
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$a="abcdefghi";
$c='c';
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$t=(index($a,$c) != -1);
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1
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Test substring 'is in' string
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$a="abcdefghi";
$b="abc";
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$t=(index($a,$c) != -1);
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1
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Find index of char (forward)
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$a="abcdefccccc";
$c='c';
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$i=index $a,$c;
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2
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Find index of char (reverse)
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$a="abcdefccccc";
$c='c';
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$i=rindex $a, $c;
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10
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Find index of substring (forward)
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$a="abcdefabc";
$b="abc";
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$i=index $a,$b;
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0
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Find index of substring (reverse)
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$a="abcdefabc";
$b="abc";
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$i=rindex $a,$b;
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6
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Split
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Split on char
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$a="one,two,three";
$c=',';
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@sa=split /$c/,$a;
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one two three
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Split on string
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$a="aa_x_bb_x_cc";
$b="_x_";
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@sa=split /$b/,$a;
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aa bb cc
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Split limited to 'n' parts
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$a="one,two,three";
$c=',';
$n=2;
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@sa=split /$c/,$a,$n;
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one two,three
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Evaluate
|
Evaluate empty string
|
$a="";
$t=0;
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if ($a) { $t=1; }
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0
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Evaluate non-empty string
|
$a="abcdef";
$t=0;
|
if ($a) { $t=1; }
|
1
|
Insert
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Prepend char
|
$a="bcdef";
$c='a';
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$a=$c.$a;
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abcdef
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Append char
|
$a="abc";
$c='d';
|
$a=$a.$c;
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abcd
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Insert char at index 'n'
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$a="abc";
$c='X';
$n=1;
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$a=substr($a ,0,$n).$c.substr($a,$n);
|
aXbc
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Prepend string
|
$a="def";
$b="abc";
|
$a=$b.$a;
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abcdef
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Append string
|
$a="abc";
$b="def";
|
$a=$a.$b;
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abcdef
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Insert string at index 'n'
|
$a="abcghi";
$b="def";
$n=3;
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$a=substr($a ,0,$n).$b.substr($a,$n);
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abcdefghi
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Concatenate 'a' and 'b'
|
$a="abc";
$b="def";
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$s=$a.$b;
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abcdef
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Overwrite
|
Overwrite char at index 'n'
|
$a="abc";
$n=1;
$c='B';
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substr($a,$n,1)=$c;
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aBc
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Overwrite char at index 'n'
|
$a="abc";
$n=1;
$c='B';
|
@b=split //,$a; $b[$n]=$c; $a=join '',@b;
|
aBc
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Overwrite substring at index 'n'
|
$a="abcdefghi";
$b="DEF";
$n=3;
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substr($a,$n,length $b)=$b;
|
abcDEFghi
|
Replace
|
Replace 1st instance of char 'X' with 'Y'
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$a="XXXYYYZZZ";
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$a=~s/X/Y/;
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YXXYYYZZZ
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|
Replace all instances of char 'X' with 'Y'
|
$a="XXXYYYZZZ";
|
$a=~s/X/Y/g;
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YYYYYYZZZ
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Replace 1st instance of substring 'abc' with 'XYZ'
|
$a="abcdefabc";
|
$a=~s/abc/XYZ/;
|
XYZdefabc
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Replace all instances of substring 'abc' with 'XYZ'
|
$a="abcdefabc";
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$a=~s/abc/XYZ/g;
|
XYZdefXYZ
|
Remove
|
Remove 1st instance of char 'X'
|
$a="XXXYYYZZZ";
|
$a=~s/X//;
|
XXYYYZZZ
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|
Remove all instances of char 'X'
|
$a="XXXYYYZZZ";
|
$a=~s/X//g;
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YYYZZZ
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|
Remove 1st instance of substring 'abc'
|
$a="abcdefabc";
|
$a=~s/abc//;
|
defabc
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|
Remove all instances of substring 'abc'
|
$a="abcdefabc";
|
$a=~s/abc//g;
|
def
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|
Remove prefix 'abc.'
|
$a="abc.abc.def";
|
$a=~s/^abc\.//g;
|
abc.def
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|
Remove suffix '.def'
|
$a="abc.def.def";
|
$a=~s/\.def$//g;
|
abc.def
|
Remove by index
|
Remove 1st char
|
$a="abcdef";
|
$a=substr($a,1);
|
bcdef
|
|
Remove last char
|
$a="abcdefghi";
|
$a=substr($a,0,(length $a)-1);
|
abcdefgh
|
|
Remove char at index 'n'
|
$a="abcdef";
$n=3;
|
substr($a,$n,1)='';
|
abcef
|
|
Remove chars in index range 'm' to 'n' (inclusive)
|
$a="abcdef";
$m=2;
$n=4;
|
substr($a ,$m,$n-$m+1)="";
|
abf
|
|
Remove chars from index 'n' onwards (inclusive)
|
$a="abcdefghi";
$n=3;
|
$a=substr($a,0,$n);
|
abc
|
|
Remove chars up to index 'n' (inclusive)
|
$a="abcdefghi";
$n=3;
|
$a=substr($a,$n+1);
|
efghi
|
Trim
|
Trim leading white space
|
$a=" abc def ";
|
$a=~s/^\s+//;
|
abc def
|
|
Trim trailing white space
|
$a=" abc def ";
|
$a=~s/\s+$//;
|
abc def
|
|
Trim leading and trailing white space
|
$a=" abc def ";
|
$a=~s/^\s*( .*\S)?\s*$/$1/;
|
abc def
|
|
Trim trailing carriage return
|
$a="abcdef\n";
|
chomp($a);
|
abcdef
|
Sort
|
Sort in ascending order
|
$a="cafdeb";
|
@b=split //,$a; @b=sort @b; $a=join '',@b;
|
abcdef
|
|
Sort in descending order
|
$a="cafdeb";
|
@b=split //,$a; @b=sort @b; @b=reverse @b; $a=join '',@b; print @b;
|
fedcba
|
|
Reverse
|
$a="abcdefghi";
|
@b=split //,$a; @b=reverse @b; $a=join '',@b;
|
ihgfedcba
|
Convert case
|
Convert to lower case
|
$a="ABCDEFGHI";
|
$a=lc $a;
|
abcdefghi
|
|
Convert to upper case
|
$a="abcdefghi";
|
$a=uc $a;
|
ABCDEFGHI
|
|
Convert first char to lower case
|
$a="ABCDEFGHI";
|
$a=lcfirst $a;
|
aBCDEFGHI
|
|
Convert first char to upper case
|
$a="abcdefghi";
|
$a=ucfirst $a;
|
Abcdefghi
|
|
